Milan Cathedral, officially the Metropolitan Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, is the cathedral of the archdiocese of Milan and an Italian national monument. Symbol of the Lombard capital, and located in the homonymous square in the center of the metropolis, it is dedicated to Santa Maria Nascente. It is the largest church in Italy (the largest in the Italian Republic, given that the largest basilica of St. Peter is in fact in the territory of the Vatican City; it is the second largest considering the entire Italian peninsula), the third in the world by surface, the sixth by volume. It is the seat of the parish of Santa Tecla in the Milan cathedral.
The style of the Duomo, being the result of centuries-old works, does not respond to a precise movement, but rather follows an idea of mammoth and phantasmagoric "gothic" gradually reinterpreted. Despite this, and despite the stylistic contradictions in architecture, the Cathedral appears as a unitary organism. The gigantic stone machine in fact fascinates and attracts the popular imagination, also by virtue of its ambiguity, made up of second thoughts, discontinuities and, sometimes, folds. Even the concept of Gothic "authenticity", when one thinks of how in reality most of the visible structures date back to the neo-Gothic period, not to mention the frequent replacements, is actually a distortion of the very essence of the monument, which should instead be seen as a architectural organism always in continuous and necessary reconstruction
Inaugurated on December 30, 1774, the Madonnina of the Milan Cathedral is the highest point of the church. The statue was designed by the sculptor Giuseppe Perego and cast by the goldsmith Giuseppe Bini, for a height of 4.16 meters. The inside of the statue retains a metal skeleton, which, degraded in the 1960s, was admitted to the museum and replaced by a steel frame.
Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II is a commercial gallery in Milan which, in the form of a covered pedestrian street, connects Piazza Duomo to Piazza della Scala. Due to the presence of elegant shops and clubs, since its inauguration it was the meeting place of the Milanese bourgeoisie, so much so that it was nicknamed the "living room of Milan": built in the Neo-Renaissance style, it is one of the most famous examples of European iron architecture and represents the archetype of the 19th century shopping arcade. Called simply "the Gallery" by the Milanese, it is often considered as one of the first examples of a shopping center in the world.
Tradition states that turning three times on oneself with the heel of the right foot planted in correspondence with the genitals of the bull portrayed in mosaic on the floor of the octagon of the gallery brings good luck. The gesture originally would have been performed as a mockery of the city of Turin, in whose coat of arms the bull is depicted, and then spread simply as a superstitious rite. This ritual, repeated hundreds of times a day mainly by tourists, quickly wears the image of the bull that must be restored frequently.
«The Duomo, the symbol par excellence of Milan, is the first thing you look for when you get up in the morning and the last thing you look at in the evening. It is said that the Milan Cathedral comes only after St. Peter's in the Vatican. I cannot understand how it can be second to any other work done by the hand of man ”- Mark Twain
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