The first thing that comes to mind is using a feedback loop that is able to measure the width of the extruded plastic and adjust the roller speed accordingly
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
yes, it is possible and kinda great idea
@JaceN3D
6 ай бұрын
You'd use a method that doesn't come in contact with the filament, right? What type of sensor would you use for that?
@ForEverydayPeople
5 ай бұрын
@@JaceN3DUse something that can roll with the filament after its cooled maybe. The machines I used to work on automated mail opening. It used a magnetic field effect sensor to gauge the distance that two rubber rollers were spread apart by the envelopes going through it. It was EXTREMELY accurate after being calibrated.
@PrinciplesMatter
8 ай бұрын
This is an excellent project brother! You've given me several ideas for mine. I'll be sure to credit you for inspiration whenever I actually get it built and a video uploaded. Thanks for sharing your idea!
@techtips8873
Жыл бұрын
Pure Definition Of Hardwork Helped me a lot The cost helped me to save and buy other parts thanks dude !!
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
thank you so much
@woodrunner51
Жыл бұрын
You made what people made for a lot more money, just without a shredder and eithout a feedback loop Great idea with the drill bit :)
@woodrunner51
Жыл бұрын
To be clear, great job!
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
Thank you so much
@aoife8415
Жыл бұрын
this is great man, i really want to see home filament extrusion become more common, its great to see u put in work on this
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
thank you so much
@zyzzyva303
Жыл бұрын
Nice job for a simple approach. Feedback loop for the puller for the win.
@cghoselle
9 ай бұрын
This looks like it was a very frustrating but rewarding project. I like it a lot.
@Creative3DP
9 ай бұрын
It was!
@henringui7233
Жыл бұрын
Very nice project! Absolutely good information with the specifications of each of the components. I'm looking to build a simple extruder too. This will be very good reference to find the components.
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
Thank you
@Luc_Skywalker
11 ай бұрын
Great machine, and wow, you have phenomenal prices! The two 12v pc fan for $2, that"s unbelievable! The word very in prices is an understatement!!!
@barretonaldo
Жыл бұрын
With a few tweeks, i can see the automation of the RPM for a consistent diameter! Well done!!
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
Great!!!
@ConorFenlon
Жыл бұрын
You need to allow the filament being pulled out to drape down into a catenary before being rolled up. This affects the average diameter of the filament being extruded.
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
Yes you're right, I did that after few trials
@bydanielgamerv3890
4 ай бұрын
Hello, I am from Mexico, I will carry out this project for school, I hope it turns out well.
@Creative3DP
4 ай бұрын
Pretty Sure it will, Best of Luck
@bydanielgamerv3890
4 ай бұрын
eh recopilado los materiales para comprarlos la mayoría en Amazon lo único que no encuentro es 420mm 25mm Inner diameter barrel y Mi pregunta es la heater to heat the barrel es de una impresora 3d y de acero inoxidable?
@bydanielgamerv3890
4 ай бұрын
I have compiled the materials to buy most of them on Amazon the only thing I can't find is 420mm 25mm Inner diameter barrel and My question is the heater to heat the barrel is it from a 3D printer and is it made of stainless steel?
@betterbutter5935
3 ай бұрын
@@bydanielgamerv3890I’m asking the same thing also,I want to know diameter of barrel and the extruder diameter
@sicksid3534
12 күн бұрын
Wow cool project! I'm astonished the quality was so good! Nice work!
@Creative3DP
11 күн бұрын
Thank you
@TylmanDesign
Жыл бұрын
Great job! I love your passion you working with💪🏻
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
Thank you so much
@Memento86Mori
6 ай бұрын
Ah yes, a Indian " hobbyist " youtuber who isn't cringe, well spoken and with substance.... Cheers mate
@Creative3DP
6 ай бұрын
Thank you so much mate
@freezycrazygames7493
7 ай бұрын
Hey, I watched your videos, and I thank you very much for the efforts and information you provide, and I wanted to start recycling plastic into printing filaments. I found two methods on your channel: the first is cutting plastic bottles into strips and then reshaping them into the shape of printing filaments, and the second is melting the plastic and extruding it. Like this video I'm commenting on. I wanted to know, based on your expertise and experience, which of the two methods is more successful and I achieved a better final result, as I want to do the second method, which is plastic extrusion, but I am afraid of the results and that there will be impurities that spoil the matter.... Thank you for your effort and time.
@Creative3DP
7 ай бұрын
If you are using PET bottles then in that case I would recommend the first method, cutting down the plastic bottle into strips than reshaping them into a filament because it is much more easier to do and the second method that you saw in this video is actually more for making filament from pellets and for impurities you should wash the bottle thoroughly then cut it.
@freezycrazygames7493
7 ай бұрын
I watched a lot of videos on reshaping plastic bottles and turning them into printing filaments, and I found that in most cases the bottom and top of the bottle are discarded, and since a regular water bottle weighs about 45 grams of plastic, I find that I will only get 20 grams of strips suitable for reshaping. Also, I cannot cut bottle caps and other similar types of plastic around us that cannot be cut into strips for reshaping. So I thought I would chop these bottles and turn them into small pieces that would be extruded. What do you think? Your opinion matters a lot to me and it will save me time. Thank you@@Creative3DP
@ucefkh
10 ай бұрын
Bro your voice is amazing and intriguing good work on this
@Creative3DP
10 ай бұрын
Thank you so much
@u9Nails
Жыл бұрын
I'd love to turn all the car bumpers that I see on the side of the freeway into filament. As I understand it, they're made of polycarbonate. Maybe someday a laser micrometer will be priced low enough that it can measure the filament at the nozzle as it's extruded so the puller can adjust the speed for a perfect dimension.
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
🤣. Hopefully cops won't notice. Thats possible, using some sort of measuring device like you mentioned laser micrometre, but in this machine everything is manual so you have to use raspberry pie or Arduino with stepper motor control board and high torque stepper motors
@theleasix3301
Жыл бұрын
That's really cool ! I'm considering building my own filament machine and your video is really great to see all the components needed.
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
Thank you so much for your kind words! I'm thrilled to hear that you found my video helpful in your own filament machine project. Best of luck with your build!
@1islam1
Жыл бұрын
@@Creative3DP ⚠️ God has said in the Quran: 🔵 { O mankind, worship your Lord, who created you and those before you, that you may become righteous - ( 2:21 ) 🔴 [He] who made for you the earth a bed [spread out] and the sky a ceiling and sent down from the sky, rain and brought forth thereby fruits as provision for you. So do not attribute to Allah equals while you know [that there is nothing similar to Him]. ( 2:22 ) 🔵 And if you are in doubt about what We have sent down upon Our Servant [Muhammad], then produce a surah the like thereof and call upon your witnesses other than Allah, if you should be truthful. ( 2:23 ) 🔴 But if you do not - and you will never be able to - then fear the Fire, whose fuel is men and stones, prepared for the disbelievers.( 2:24 ) 🔵 And give good tidings to those who believe and do righteous deeds that they will have gardens [in Paradise] beneath which rivers flow. Whenever they are provided with a provision of fruit therefrom, they will say, "This is what we were provided with before." And it is given to them in likeness. And they will have therein purified spouses, and they will abide therein eternally. ( 2:25 ) ⚠️ Quran
@NimVim
8 ай бұрын
Hey there! Could you please make a product list of all the items we need to buy to replicate a similar system? :)
@johnmccardle
Жыл бұрын
Incredible work, I will definitely be referencing your project when I get the space to do some filament recycling. Turning supports, brims, failed prints, and measurement tests back into usable filament is my dream. 50/50 virgin/recycled material would be a good enough win, but I think I might tolerate some "bad" quality if it could be 80 to 100% recycled plastic. How's the cost of virgin pellets per kilo versus filament? Are you stuck buying larger minimum quantities?
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
Thanks man, pellets cost almost 50% of what filament cost
@luless666
11 ай бұрын
@@Creative3DP and the other 50% or more you pay in electricity for the heater
@CrowClouds
8 ай бұрын
Totally. I want to do the same thing
@einhalbesbrot
8 ай бұрын
@@luless666 assuming a 500 watt power supply is used for such project and its running at 100% usage, its still less than 1 USD if you run it 6 hours
@saltyexxer8253
4 ай бұрын
@@luless666 Electricity is free for me as long as the sun shines.
@user-gk9ut9qc1o
Жыл бұрын
very smart design! i hate how expensive filament is, considering how old and simple the process is. also, you are quite handsome X3
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
Yeah Process is Simple But getting good quality Filament takes few attempts but anyways thanks for the compliment 👍
@CaptainJuiccy
Жыл бұрын
Wow, cool build! and the benchy turned out amazing all things considered!
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
Thank you!
@MrDe0
Жыл бұрын
Awesome Job ! I would definitely make my own DIY filament extrusion machine ! Good Luck Mate!
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
Thank you so much. if you need any help in your project feel free to ask. once again thank you
@MrDe0
Жыл бұрын
0:02 Is that a spider falling ?! 😹😭
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
😂😂😂. He didn't died, he ran away
@allinonearts863
Жыл бұрын
Thankyou for making this video in detail❤
@uglyboy4067
Жыл бұрын
Would it be better to have a half pipe setup at the end of the extruder so the filament doesn't stretch or sag as it passes along to the end onto the spool? I ask because I am getting an ender 3v2 in a couple of days (my first adventure into 3D printing) and I want to try make something like this so I can try and become as self sufficient as possible.
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
Congratulations on your new Ender 3v2 3D printer! It's a great choice for beginners and a perfect way to start your 3D printing journey. Regarding your question about the barrel length, if you choose a shorter barrel of 200mm, it may result in clogging issues due to the heat spreading across the barrel. So, it's recommended to go with a longer barrel of 400mm to avoid this problem. Given that you're starting your 3D printing journey, it may be helpful to learn more about the factors that affect 3D printing and filament quality. I speak from personal experience, as I started my 3D printing journey by building my own printer from scratch, but unfortunately, it didn't go well, and my project failed. Therefore, taking the time to learn and research before starting a project can save time, effort, and resources in the long run.
@Fejszi
Жыл бұрын
@@Creative3DP hey man! Might be a dumb question, but if we were to cool the first portion of the barrel with a few fans, would that work? Kind of how in 3D printers your cold-end heatsink is kept cool by a fan; only here we would use multiple fans to be able to cool the bigger area
@jhyland87
3 ай бұрын
Silly question, how well does the auger mix the raw plastic? If I wanted to experiment with making my own composite Filament (eg: graphene), wouldni be able to use this? My concern is that your setup seems to melt the plastic enough that it can be pressed into one cohesive Filament, but it likely doesn't heat/mix it well enough that the composite material would form a homogeneous mixture. I'd probably end up with spots rich in one of the two composite materials, and lacking in others ("splotchy" I guess)
@tres155
Жыл бұрын
This is amazing! Can you try running some recycled bottle material through it and make a vid on that ?
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
In my opinion PET machine is better for Creating filament From Water Bottle. But you can try to make bottle Filament through it
@colinangusstudio
5 ай бұрын
easier way is to take all the internal componenets of a juicer machine and lay it out in this configuration. juicers already have the right components and speed and the screw rod
@JaceN3D
5 ай бұрын
Have you tried this? I think that could be a great idea, especially because I'm not sure where to buy the screw and barrel 👍🏾
@smarquardt10
Жыл бұрын
Wow!!!! Love ur idea!!! Do u have parts list for it??? Would love to make one my self.
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
I already mentioned parts in video
@smarquardt10
Жыл бұрын
@Creative3DP ok thank u.
@jerbear7952
9 ай бұрын
It has like 5 parts. Grab a note pad and a pen. Do you want everything handed to you?
@Jkauppa
Жыл бұрын
screw press through filament nozzle directly into filament or from plastic beads direct to a printer, yes a filament extruder on a 3d printer accessory
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
It appears that you're describing a filament extruder system, where PLA pellets are melted and extruded through a 1.75mm nozzle. However, if you plan to integrate this extrusion system directly onto a 3D printer, it may work better for larger printers that print with larger nozzle sizes. For normal desktop 3D printers, it may not be worth the effort as the quality may not be optimal.
@Jkauppa
Жыл бұрын
@@Creative3DP what quality, you remelt the extruded filament straight away, of course it will be beneficial, melt-extruded or just compression-extruded
@Jkauppa
Жыл бұрын
@@Creative3DP biased assessment, for your own benefit
@Jkauppa
Жыл бұрын
@@Creative3DP money bias shows, as you want to pay for your filament or instruct to use pre-made filament, from manufacturers, for nonsense reasons
@Jkauppa
Жыл бұрын
@@Creative3DP I'm not asking you if you think its fine, not giving any authority to anyone, use it or lose it, take care
@NeuraVlogdolfim
Ай бұрын
Man, I love it, but in my city it's horrible to buy this, it would have the measurements of the drill and the iron bar, and what else do I need to do? The end of the bar must have a thread for the extruder nozzle, right?
@Creative3DP
Ай бұрын
It's Normal 420mm Wood Drill, it doesn't matter whether the end is threaded or not
@PlagueDoctorInc
6 ай бұрын
Could you provide a written list version of the component breakdown? Based on that, I could begin to source these parts in my local region and see what the cost and feasibility of this system would be.
@Creative3DP
6 ай бұрын
Two 80x80mm Fans 85kgcm gear dc motor 400mm auger bit 25mm 420mm 25mm Inner diameter barrel 1.7mm nozzle heater to heat the barrel Puller to Pull the Filament some L brackets REX C100 with k type thermistor SSR AC to DC PWM
@betterbutter5935
3 ай бұрын
Is the auger is auger wood?
@vaiosmastroyiannis
6 ай бұрын
Excellent video 👍
@Creative3DP
6 ай бұрын
Thank you
@rohitmhatre7273
5 ай бұрын
Bro We are preparing this as our Course Project Please Show Electrical Connection in description??
@vighneshnausoshetye
4 ай бұрын
how did you get the pet pellets i contacted multiple indiamart vendors low quantity not available
@jileshsoni9682
5 ай бұрын
so did u get any perfect rpm for the puller?
@user-om7tp4yw2b
9 ай бұрын
Awesome work! Would you please tell me what’s the model of the heater u used for this?
@Creative3DP
9 ай бұрын
Actually its custom made, I asked the supplier to make me a heater that can reach 300 degrees Celsius and has a specific outer diameter for the barrel,
@Cancel-Flip
6 ай бұрын
Amazing video. What diameter is your auger? I'm trying to plan out a version of this build
@Creative3DP
6 ай бұрын
Great! Best of Luck, Auger is 20mm in diameter and 400mm in length
@Cancel-Flip
6 ай бұрын
@@Creative3DP that was a quick reply, thank you so much
@Creative3DP
6 ай бұрын
you're welcome
@ijazanwar211
Жыл бұрын
Perfect job what kind of material used in pla filament can you tell me the grade numbers?
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
PLA granules I don't remember the grade number
@parthivbhoir8552
4 ай бұрын
Hi ! Can i get list of components used with their specifications?..
@betterbutter5935
3 ай бұрын
Really need this
@Evilslayer73
5 ай бұрын
Hi do you have BOM list for the project ?:) very cool project!!
@der_jonny
10 ай бұрын
very good idea
@QDStrength
5 ай бұрын
Can it extrude shredded PET Bottles?
@BeetnaOurHome
3 ай бұрын
Can i have the proces of the machine?
@Fejszi
Жыл бұрын
can you replace the DC motor with something like a wiper motor for the auger motor?
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
Yes you can, I saw many projects online who're Using wiper motor
@DEMFMohamadHaiqal
Жыл бұрын
Hi can you explain on how your heater actually working? I'm a bit lost at that part...
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
To set up the system, you'll need three main components: the REX c100, a thermistor, and an SSR. The video link provided in the description will guide you through the wiring process. Here's how it all works in a nutshell: The SSR plays a pivotal role by interrupting the 220v power supply to the heater. As soon as the heater reaches the desired temperature, it works to maintain that temperature. The REX c100 comes into play here, allowing you to set the desired temperature and giving you control over the process. Meanwhile, the thermistor constantly measures the temperature and sends this information to the REX c100. Once the REX c100 detects that the desired temperature has been reached, it takes action to halt the DC supply from its side. This leads to a complete interruption in the power flow circuit. When the temperature decreases, the REX c100 resumes sending power from its end once more.
@betterbutter5935
4 ай бұрын
How can the container for pallet not melt when ther are touching the barrel?
@Creative3DP
4 ай бұрын
Heat doesn't reach that point.
@betterbutter5935
3 ай бұрын
if the watt of power supply is different with the heat band,is it okay?
@Creative3DP
3 ай бұрын
The heat band is running on AC current, and the power is regulated by the SSR according to the need.
@freezycrazygames7493
7 ай бұрын
Hi can I use W1209 Thermo Controller with Diode 5408 to reach the temp to melt plastic ?
@Creative3DP
7 ай бұрын
Noo max it can reach is 110 degree
@freezycrazygames7493
7 ай бұрын
@@Creative3DP is this ceramic heater " 3D Printer Cartridge Heater Reprap 12V 40W" Can it withstand a temperature of 400 degrees Celsius or what is the estimated temperature that it can withstand?
@betterbutter5935
3 ай бұрын
how much is diameter of barrel and auger bro?
@meagodoy
Жыл бұрын
Hei my friend. Could you help me with the drill size and bearing sizes that you used please? Did you need to rework the drill to fit in the role of bearing?
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
I used 22mm outer diameter and 8mm inner diameter bearings and I used 3mm dill bit for nozzle
@meagodoy
Жыл бұрын
@@Creative3DP you are talking about the bearings used in the pipe of extruder?
@CreatedbyAI7
Жыл бұрын
@@meagodoy no I didn't any bearings in pipe, I was talking about bearing in filament puller
@jimbob6897
6 ай бұрын
You should have a little tub of water in front of the extruder
@Creative3DP
6 ай бұрын
Yes but fans are enough
@Latrocinium086
Жыл бұрын
Successful! Is that an Indian remake of George Michael’s Careless Whisper? 😝
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
😂😂
@ginosavoie7207
Жыл бұрын
Can you try and make one using parts from a ender 3 printer ?
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
If you mean creating filament extrusion system from ender 3's parts, i don't think that would be possible cause the ender 3's parts are rarely in use for this machine as the parts of this machine are different.
@jerbear7952
9 ай бұрын
Why don't you do it?
@tinkeringengr
Жыл бұрын
Nice work
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
Thank you
@highnoon891
11 ай бұрын
Am i blind? Do you have a list of the parts? I see the link for the 3D parts, but if im going to the hardware store, i need a list
@jerbear7952
9 ай бұрын
Grab a pencil and a piece of paper. Quit being lazy
@iloveyouman.amentalhealthp4328
Жыл бұрын
Can you make video or attach links to everything you bought and where go get it. Even the machine shop diameters
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
Sure I will attach the links soon
@jerbear7952
9 ай бұрын
If you can't be bothered to do any work you are unlikely to build it.
@iloveyouman.amentalhealthp4328
9 ай бұрын
@jerbear7952 yeah I'll just reach into the video and get the size measurements of everything on my own.
@Kanect
Жыл бұрын
Could you make pellets out of a water bottle so that you could make big spools
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
You can shred the plastic bottle and put it in this but I would say PET Extrusion systems is much better to make Filament from plastic bottle
@SusanAmberBruce
Жыл бұрын
Where does the source material come from, the little plastic beads?
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
I sourced PLA Pellets from Local Trader who Trades in Plastic Granules
@3DWorld_uz
Ай бұрын
IT WAS PP?
@eastmangevaertlokossa7796
7 ай бұрын
Nice! Pleace can i order this machine ? Especially the heater..
@Creative3DP
7 ай бұрын
Well, this is a DIY project. If you need the parts used in this project, you can contact me by email.
@crafteeauthor8638
4 ай бұрын
What plastics can you make filament out of with this?
@Creative3DP
4 ай бұрын
PLA
@rohitmhatre7273
5 ай бұрын
Pdf about Electric Connection in Description??
@nikhildubey338
5 ай бұрын
Hey where did you get the auger and barrel from? Could you please help me out with the link or contact
@Creative3DP
5 ай бұрын
industrybuying
@nikhildubey338
5 ай бұрын
@@Creative3DP thanks
@betterbutter5935
3 ай бұрын
Can u put the link in the description?
@RockoShaw
8 ай бұрын
The issue is the raw material, the pelletes are cheap but shipment from china is expensive
@yasinhussain9064
11 ай бұрын
Bro did you used a "drill bit " as a screw feeder
@Creative3DP
11 ай бұрын
yes
@vishweshwarnannware5092
8 ай бұрын
Hi... friend Can please help me for making this... Can you send the link of the barrel and heater for buying
@Creative3DP
8 ай бұрын
Sure, Both of the things I sourced locally, you can easily get the barrel in your nearest hardware store but heater might be hard to find
@vishweshwarnannware5092
8 ай бұрын
I search .... Entire town but not found a heater
@vishweshwarnannware5092
8 ай бұрын
Can you give me specifications and idea for heater.... and link which I am easily find
@vishweshwarnannware5092
8 ай бұрын
Also please share the other electronic details...or links...
@dspencer8827
8 ай бұрын
Im still curious at how this works
@Creative3DP
8 ай бұрын
Front part of the barrel is hot and the auger feed the pellets which melts and comes out through the nozzle.
@karoma7898
2 ай бұрын
Dude, you are confusing me, you're like, Indian-mexican-indonesian with an accent I can't pin point ... Awesome work though, i might actually make this, i have access to plastic pellets by the bag (25kg)
@Creative3DP
2 ай бұрын
Go on 💪🏻
@bendtherules0
Ай бұрын
He is Indian 😊
@nikhilthirumala4018
11 ай бұрын
Yeah bro can u help me to do the final year project
@nikhilthirumala4018
11 ай бұрын
Bro need help plz rply me ASAP POSSIBLE
@eggshellcarvingart
Жыл бұрын
Hello dear friend, I ask you to write to me what settings you made in the ''cura'' program to print What settings did you make I just can’t find the settings for this , so that the 3D printer prints well Thank you in advance I really liked the video and I wrote you a like
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
No settings are changed because this Home made PLA Filament is kinda same as factory produce. So, I printed with normal setting which I use for Factory made PLA
@eggshellcarvingart
Жыл бұрын
@@Creative3DP THANK YOU VERY MUCH,I WISH YOU ALL GOOD!
@vighneshnausoshetye
5 ай бұрын
from which website did you get the auger and barrell can you provide the links ?
@Creative3DP
5 ай бұрын
Industrybuying
@vighneshnausoshetye
5 ай бұрын
@@Creative3DP what about the heater any specifications ?
@Creative3DP
5 ай бұрын
I bought from one of the manufacturer from indiamart
@tyalikanky
Жыл бұрын
What i really want is machine to turn all these PET bottles into filament
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
There are PET Machines which turn plastic bottles into strips then to Filament. You can watch my PET Machine video. Super easy to make
@Gpgesell1
7 ай бұрын
spider at the beginning
@Creative3DP
7 ай бұрын
Secret Ingredient!
@smug_cat1
6 ай бұрын
Using a auger is aaaasssssss A german afaik Sells a modified auger But then again the whole extrude cost 600$
@bassam-8173
Жыл бұрын
who saw the spider ?
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
✋
@tankist-kolobanov
Жыл бұрын
Таким ужасным инструментом мерить пруток, категорически запрещается!!!!!!!!!!! У тебя погрешность будет огромная а ты даже знать не будешь какого диаметра пруток давится!
@Creative3DP
Жыл бұрын
Что ж, вы в чем-то правы, но это лучшее, что вы можете сделать с таким небольшим бюджетом. если у вас есть лишние деньги, вы можете приобрести лазерный измерительный прибор
@mackagg4582
8 ай бұрын
european union isnt a country, its union beetween countries to prevent war and make weaker countries stronger
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