Acyclovir - Side Effects, Uses, Mechanism of Action, Dosage, Interactions, Warnings
Acyclovir, marketed under brand names like Zovirax and Sitavig, is a widely prescribed antiviral medication recognized for its efficacy against various herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections, including genital herpes, cold sores, and shingles. Its mechanism of action involves a two-step phosphorylation process leading to the formation of acyclovir triphosphate, which selectively inhibits viral DNA polymerase, thereby impeding DNA synthesis and replication. This targeted approach minimizes damage to healthy cells, making acyclovir a potent antiviral agent specifically tailored to combat herpesvirus infections.
The uses of acyclovir extend beyond treating active infections to include preventive measures in immunocompromised individuals and management of conditions like neonatal herpes infections and herpes simplex encephalitis. Despite its effectiveness, acyclovir can induce various side effects ranging from gastrointestinal discomfort and headaches to rare but severe complications such as renal dysfunction and neurological effects. Dosage adjustments are necessary, especially in patients with renal impairment, and careful monitoring is warranted to prevent toxicity. Additionally, caution is advised regarding potential drug interactions, allergic reactions, and special considerations during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Vigilant monitoring and adherence to dosage guidelines ensure optimal therapeutic outcomes while minimizing risks associated with acyclovir therapy.
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