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Finding food is harder than you may think for many animals, but is a very important part of staying alive. Animals need food to give us the energy we need to survive; it allows our bodies to function properly. Because so many animals are competing for food, animals have developed some incredible adaptations to find, collect, and eat the food they need to survive.
There are three main categories for the food animals eat, herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Herbivores are plant eaters, like elephants and tortoises. Carnivores are meat eaters, like lions and sharks. Omnivores eat both plants and animals, like humans and brown bears! You can tell a lot about what an animal eats by looking at its teeth. Herbivores often have teeth for grinding up food, while carnivores have teeth for slicing through meat. Omnivores have special teeth that do both!
Many animals find food using their senses, especially smell! Turkey vultures can smell their food from miles away, while Komodo dragons locate their food in the same way snakes do - smelling with their tongues! Polar bears are said to have one of the best senses of smell of any land animal and can smell a seal through more than a foot of ice! Many animals also use sight. Chameleons have special eyes that can move independently so they can see any bugs moving around in all directions. Animals often have sight adaptations that help them find food at the time of day that they're active. Many nocturnal animals, like snakes, have great night vision while some diurnal animals, like cheetahs, have black stripes under their eyes to reduce glare to help them see their prey in bright sunlight.
Some animals are specialized to use sound to find their food. The fennec fox has huge ears that allow it to hear little animals moving around, it can even hear them underground! Because sounds make vibrations, some animals use the vibrations to feel when a prey animal is coming towards them. Most animals use their senses to detect prey, but some very intelligent animals, like elephants, have great memories and can remember where they have found fresh food in the past. Elephants will travel great distances to those locations during extreme droughts. Orangutans are also very intelligent and create maps and calendars in their heads to know where and when the fresh fruit is!
Finding food is only half the battle. Once they find it, they have to collect it and eat it! Most carnivores are predators who hunt their food. Cheetahs have non-retractable claws that make them super fast and sharp teeth to grab onto their food. Many predators, like sharks, seek out the old and weak animals that are easy to catch. Other predators are ambush hunters. Lions and leopards will ambush their prey by hiding in tall grass while jaguars have been known to attack from above. Many predators also work together to catch their food, like African painted dogs, wolves, even female lions.
Herbivores have also developed amazing adaptations to get their food! Elephants have a long trunk to reach tall leaves that other animals can reach and will travel great distances to reach fresh food. Giraffes have a long neck and an 18-inch long tongue to reach high branches while gerenuks have evolved to stand on their back legs to reach food that other antelopes cannot reach. Iguanas have incredible climbing abilities that allow them to reach food high off the ground. All animals have had to develop physical adaptations and behavioral strategies to get the food they need to survive.
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