Central Dogma of Molecular Biology:
The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology describes the flow of genetic information within a biological system, typically from DNA to RNA to protein. It was proposed by Francis Crick in 1958 and has been a foundational concept in understanding how genetic information is stored, transferred, and expressed in living organisms.
The Central Dogma has three main processes:
1. Replication: The process by which DNA makes an identical copy of itself. During cell division, DNA is replicated to ensure that each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the genetic material.
2. Transcription: The process where a segment of DNA is used as a template to create an RNA molecule. This RNA molecule, known as messenger RNA (mRNA), carries the genetic information from the DNA in the cell nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
3. Translation: The process where the information carried by mRNA is decoded to synthesize a specific protein. Ribosomes, the cellular machinery, read the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA and assemble the corresponding amino acids into a protein according to the genetic code.
The Central Dogma is considered central because, for a long time, it was believed that information flows unidirectionally, from DNA to RNA to protein, and that this flow is mostly irreversible. However, recent discoveries have shown exceptions to this dogma, such as the reverse transcription process observed in retroviruses where RNA is used to synthesize DNA.
Nonetheless, the Central Dogma remains a fundamental framework for understanding the transfer of genetic information in living organisms.
About Dr. Muhammad Naveed
(HoD, Biotechnology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore)
With distinction, Dr. Muhammad Naveed obtained a Ph.D. degree in Biotechnology (Genomics & Bioinformatics) from Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad. He has won Ph.D. indigenous & IRSIP scholarships from HEC. He has done Pre-Doc research at the University of Ghent, Belgium. HEC awarded him the best Ph.D. (IRSIP) Scholar of the Year in 2013 & QAU honored him as a “Distinguished Alumni” in 2017. He is doing research projects in Bioinformatics, Molecular Biotechnology and vaccine designing, and Drug designing against infectious diseases. He has supervised 90 MSc. and 78 MPhil. & 01 Ph.D. students. He has published 140 Research articles with 1106 impact factors, 5060 citations, 01 book, 03 book chapters, and filed 05 Patents. He was awarded the distinguished “Researcher of the Year” in 2016 (UoG) and 2018, 2019 & 2021 (UCP).
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