No stupid music, no fancy presentation, no pointless bla bla. Just 100% science. Pure gold !!
@breilly2750
4 жыл бұрын
@spim randsley well...you're here, aren't you?
@breilly2750
4 жыл бұрын
@spim randsley okay, then. You can go back your cartoons now and not learn anything. I find these videos fascinating since I'm a professional in a completely different field and never had the chance to learn some of the science this channel explains. I'm sure you can find a video on KZitem about how to wipe your own ass. Go find it.
@breilly2750
4 жыл бұрын
@spim randsley yes, I'm pretending to dig a hole....but you're the one actually digging a hole. Don't go there. You're comment was imbecile and that's all I needed.
@breilly2750
4 жыл бұрын
@spim randsley You know, I was going to ask you the same thing. I seriously would have loved to have been there when you realized that you needed to Google the word "imbecile". Stop being an asshole.
@gregcorwin8316
2 жыл бұрын
That was extremely well done. At one time I was the supervisor of the chemical strengthening process in a glass plant, but our liquid potassium vat was large enough that we could strengthen glass up to 36x48 inches. A few differences were that we kept the liquid potassium at 650C and we soaked the glass for about 8 hours in a batch process. We also let it cool slowly once it finished the soak. Unlike thermally tempered glass, chemical tempered glass can be cut like ordinary glass, however cutting the glass removed the temper along the length of the cut about an inch or so to each side of the score line. Also a deep scratch in the surface would also remove the temper along the scratch line as well. We would test the process by weighing 1"x1" samples, soaking them in the bath, and then weighing them again after they cooled. We could compute the compression level by using the difference in weight between the samples before the bath (sodium) and after (potassium). The balance that we used to weigh the samples was so sensitive that we could weigh a mosquito. We even weighed a mosquito wing one time.
@unvergebeneid
10 жыл бұрын
If we ever need to rebuild civilization, I know I will swing by Ben's house and he'll just do it in a week or so.
@seigeengine
10 жыл бұрын
Why are you up in all my smart things? D:
@skson5838
10 жыл бұрын
... but only if he is not the one who destroyed it :)
@unvergebeneid
10 жыл бұрын
seigeengine Sorry ;) I guess "smart things KZitem" is still too small a place.
@AtlasReburdened
7 жыл бұрын
Your nuts. That type of man knows he's too valuable to risk on strangers. You'll get within proximity and a 400W CO2 laser will grid pattern you to death, or he'll just shoot you in the chest or something less dramatic like that.
@James-fe7wd
5 жыл бұрын
What's all that got to do with his nuts?
@RimstarOrg
10 жыл бұрын
Nice use of props for the explanation. Very effective.
@taboosaboo
5 жыл бұрын
Agreed. & Making Viable Claim to Tension Defect,. But torsion was observed. There was no determinate distinguishing otherwise. ...what of fiber glass? Hammers fare well?
@lancelotxavier9084
4 жыл бұрын
That was a prop?
@TheDanielConsole
10 жыл бұрын
This channel is pretty much Mythbusters without the unnecessary tv BS. I love it. Great job.
@cassiwithoutane
4 жыл бұрын
i know this comment is old but i'm hoping you've seen adam & jamie's videos on "the glass age"!
@grey7603
8 жыл бұрын
What's that sound...? That's the sound of Corning's corporate assassin helicopter.
@anatexis_the_first
4 жыл бұрын
Just discovered your channel. I'm a mechanic by trade (but by no means an engineer), so i really appreciate this content. No fussing about, just top notch craftsmanship and science. I tip my hat to you, you are exactly what a true engineer should be like.
@learnerlearns
8 жыл бұрын
Superb demonstration and explanation! FAR better (more concise and clearer) than my engineering and material science classes!
@ahaveland
7 жыл бұрын
The treated glass will resonate with a higher frequency when struck, so this could be used to measure how much substitution has taken place. Perhaps substitution with caesium might enhance the effect, being a larger atom than potassium.
@donaldklopper
5 жыл бұрын
Similar effect as in prestressed reinforced concrete. I never saw this coming. Love your channel man!
@FranLab
10 жыл бұрын
Interesting Ben - Like carbon entering into an iron lattice and creating steel. This silica glass you treated could be considered a metalloid alloy!
@Falcrist
10 жыл бұрын
I absolutely love that the KZitem science channels are a community, and you occasionally comment on each other's videos.
@sarowie
10 жыл бұрын
Except that when making steel, it usually starts with "iron" with a high (>2%) carbon content. Carbon and other impurities get removed in the process of making steel. And other metals and maybe carbon get added, creating an alloy. But all of this gets done with liquid metal, not with a solid piece. If you would like to compare that to steel, then look up Carbonitriding.
@melody3741
5 жыл бұрын
OMG ITS FRAN
@spinafire
10 жыл бұрын
"Preloading it in compression" - soo, kinda like Prince Rupert's Drops? That's awesome.
@wtechboy18
4 жыл бұрын
It's basically exactly how tempered glass works. Cooling the outside rapidly shrinks it relative to the core. Then when the core cools, it tries to "suck in" the harder outer shell of glass and puts the core under tension and the outer shell under quite a bit of compression. I'd be interested to see how this process worked on tempered glass, come to think of it.
@SlowerIsFaster139
4 жыл бұрын
in curious as to how sapphire behaves. it might be completely irrelevant but, maybe they share some properties? idk lol
@TheMattiePoo
4 жыл бұрын
I was listening to the glass lecture.... until I saw 70+ farads worth of capacitance in the background....
@t-rodshader9593
4 жыл бұрын
Lol. First table second shelf
@toolhog10
10 жыл бұрын
This video made me break out my old material science book from school and scan through a few topics. There is actually this exact 3 point loading system described in detail; to test the flexural strength of brittle ceramics. Interesting stuff. Had me reviewing defects, slip planes, fracture mechanics for the last hour or two. lol .. cool video.
@ronaldschild157
10 жыл бұрын
I really dig your video production style. Simple, elegant and to the point of the subject. You truly involve the viewer and that is how the best kind of learning takes place. Thank you for doing this.
@sasjadevries
10 жыл бұрын
Always when I watch videos of this channel I feel like there should be way more like buttons on youtube...
@nikolaijelinek3869
6 жыл бұрын
You are an amazing teacher, my profs wave their hands wildly instead of cool examples like these
@RasmusSE
10 жыл бұрын
Very interesting! Does this mean that if you treated only one side of the slide, it would bend?
@markbell9742
10 жыл бұрын
Hi Rasmus SE, I had the same thought. Ben could you make a run trying to only treat one side of the glass. Cheers, Mark
@robson6285
6 жыл бұрын
So complete and clear explaining! I enjoy and learn from every video he made. Much thanx again to Ben the man!
@DavidKirwanirl
10 жыл бұрын
Its fantastic being able to hop on here and learn from experts like this! Cheers for uploading Ben
@toddburgess6792
Жыл бұрын
That was fascinating! As a retired glazier, I am impressed. I thought only heat could strengthen glass. I am old. ;-)
@JohnAudioTech
10 жыл бұрын
Very good demonstration. Since the edges are the weakest point, it is important to start with glass that has a clean cut (no chips) or a machine finished edge to make the glass stronger.
@NickMoore
10 жыл бұрын
Awesome! I was hoping you would work on this one. I may have to use it for some of my own projects (the un-breakable beer bottle).
@aleksanderbl9381
10 жыл бұрын
would like to see that!
@BlackPhanth0ms
10 жыл бұрын
Tiddly Penguin Cans can't really be reused easily.
@vsiegel
6 жыл бұрын
Nick Moore - Beware, the "un-breakable beer bottle" will kill people! Beer bottles have a common use in bar fights - and a breaking bottle may prevent a skull injury. Also, it will soon be used as artillery projectile. Fill it with something cheap or heavy, like molten steel or uranium. The only reason not to use tungsten is that is so hard to melt it! And nuke tests will be done again soon! But physicists will be really happy!
@springford9511
2 жыл бұрын
I saw a great demo on TV of the effect of defects in glass decades ago. Take about 4 inches of 1/4 inch (say) glass tube and heat it in the center and draw it until very fine. Then mount it in a couple of holes in a piece of wood such that the drawn section is bent 180 degrees. Such a thin piece of glass is very flexible and all is good. However on touching the outside of the bend in the glass with the edge of a feather it immediately shatters. The nascent drawn glass has few defects and the feather introduces some.
@zilog357
4 жыл бұрын
The key ingredient for toothpaste used for sensitive teeth is KNO3 too. It is used for filling up the very small tubules in the calcium material (dentine) that lead to the dental nerves. Obviously, it is used at room temperature, but I guess that it is just that KNO3 is especially good for filling up defects in hard materials like silicon and calcium compounds. Great video. Thank you.
@murraynano
10 жыл бұрын
Great video! I've recently started a post doc on an alternate way of strengthening glass, this was really helpful! Thanks! Keep up the amazing videos
@scotttaylor215
10 жыл бұрын
This guy is amazing. Looks like ha makes all kind of test fixtures. It looks like the cart in the background was homemade.
@NinjaOnANinja
10 жыл бұрын
0:47-0:48 I still think that is the best part. Just the concern that is shown for safety. Like, it is only a glimpse and not forced into my face and demanded, but it just shows what you do and your precautions that you take. It is a good way to talk kids into being more safer being that most kids rebel when it is insisted upon. Intentional or not, many pros for that bit.
@highwaltage
4 жыл бұрын
easy listening. great voice, well presented. bulk information. nothing to trim. cleanest channel on youtube :)
@beatrizremigio9192
3 жыл бұрын
Great way of seeing the concepts I learn in class actually play out
@ElectronFunCom
10 жыл бұрын
It's a great explanation how they produce toughened glass. Thanks for sharing.
@lukedowneslukedownes5900
2 жыл бұрын
Who else randomly got this in their recommended😂 I’m not complaining tho, this guy’s an OG
@armonnaddaf5326
4 жыл бұрын
I wish this was used as an example in my mass transfer class. Would have made things very interesting! Thanks for the amazing work.
@old_guard2431
Жыл бұрын
Two points (which may or may wnot be pointless): First: There is a superficial similarity between this process and case-hardening steel. In case hardening steel is packed with a carbon source (typically charcoal) and heated in an air-tight container to a temperature well below the steel’s melting point, infusing the surface with carbon to harden it. Making it stronger but more brittle. Second: Whoever first discovered this technique was doing some seriously creative chemistry.
@GothicPotato2
10 жыл бұрын
Greatly informative video! You always have the best projects, not in just the applications but also the explanations.
@PunchDrummer
6 жыл бұрын
I saw you flinch! :) I am envious of your playground, and of your creativity and the things you build and test. Really good stuff sir. Bravo!
@piranha031091
10 жыл бұрын
Is that a huge capacitor bench I see on the left of the image? Is it for your YAG laser project? Aside from that, it would be nice if, just for the sake of comparison, you weakened glass by ion exchange with a lithium salt! Thanks for making those videos from you home laboratory (which I'm quite admirative of by the way!), you're one of the few youtube channels which provides actual scientific content that has not been completely dumbed down!
@tysondeal4369
6 жыл бұрын
You have great videos. I appreciate the depth to which you explain things. Thank you!
@Gianma89
10 жыл бұрын
I think this is one of the most interesting videos you made. (Maybe the most for me) Probably I'm gonna use this method for my work. Great job! Keep it up!
@JTLowry
10 жыл бұрын
Kinda of like pre tensioned concrete.
@MrClaudiodonate
5 жыл бұрын
Just like pre tensioning concrete. Very interesting.
@akshaykumarvyas
9 жыл бұрын
hi ben, if the strengthened glass is heated and formed to some random shape and back again to a slide then will it still retain the strength or defects will be induced again during the heating and forming process.
@zetag055
10 жыл бұрын
These are EXCELLENT explanations. Nice work!
@BluntForceTrauma666
6 жыл бұрын
Very cool. Almost like "case hardening" for glass.
@coriscotupi
8 жыл бұрын
Out of curiosity.. what happened to the potassium nitrate after it cooled to room temperature? Remained liquid? returned to powder? turned solid?
@coriscotupi
8 жыл бұрын
Applied Science Thanks for replying. BTW thanks also for the incredibly interesting, high quality explanations and demonstrations you provide in so many different areas. Well done!
@hirmaguma3367
4 жыл бұрын
Excellent Explanatory video ! Great Job !
@NathanMichalik
10 жыл бұрын
Awesome video. Nice to finally know how these stronger glasses actually work.
@BobD1001
10 жыл бұрын
Great video, your experiments are truly the best. Any thoughts as to further strengthening of glass utilizing atomically larger group 1 elements? Such as Rubidium or Cesium salts.
@JRo250
10 жыл бұрын
I don't have time to watch your videos, Ben. Oh look, a squirrel! :-) Awesome as usual.
@Erik_Swiger
Жыл бұрын
"All glass has tiny defects" When I hear stuff like this, I always think about nanotechnology, and what our common, everyday materials would be like if they were constructed perfectly, with zero defects, down to the atomic level. I hope I live long enough to see us develop these tiny engines of creation.
@smellycat249
10 жыл бұрын
I love watching your videos. I learn so much.
@lmeza1983
10 жыл бұрын
Your channel is amazing, thanks for sharing your knowledge.
@PackthatcameBack
4 жыл бұрын
That's... honestly fascinating. I know most types of glass put in public places are (heat?) treated so that when they break, they do so into little cubes as to avoid sharp pieces that could potentially injure someone, but I never knew something like this was possible.
@dantennison1153
Жыл бұрын
Kind of like post tensioning a concrete house slab. I had one of these when I lived in Louisiana and the soil was very soft. The concrete slab was in compression and did not crack.
@TheRogerx3
10 жыл бұрын
Your are surely The Man of Multiple Talents.
@m3sca1
10 жыл бұрын
thats really cool- reminds me of the process that happens to clay sheets with atomically large ionic salts.
@justinhamill954
4 жыл бұрын
I love your logo it fits the channel perfectly 💯
@mikeissweet
10 жыл бұрын
Excellent video! Very interesting bit of chemistry. Keep em coming!
@Brannigan777
10 жыл бұрын
Very neat! Prince Rupert drops via chemistry. Thank you!
@ZakarooNetwork
7 жыл бұрын
Any learned Glass Blower knows that by increasing the wall thickness and tempering process also increases the compression strength there by interleaving the tension stress to the opposite wall of a given cylindrical glass pieces.
@steveastrouk
8 жыл бұрын
Very useful. I have a prototype project at work where making toughened glass is useful to me.
@krausrepair1171
10 жыл бұрын
Wish I could run my Coleman stove for 3 hours to try this.... As always a cool project, keep them coming!
@Khepramancer
6 жыл бұрын
Is this Cody's uncle?
@Logi-oo2yb
4 жыл бұрын
@@thatxonexguy5438 Clue me in here... What "cody" are we talking about lol
@thatxonexguy5438
4 жыл бұрын
@@Logi-oo2yb kzitem.info/news/bejne/p4F60q2gnJdeiII Srsly tho, im referring to that cody's lab dude
@glenbartholomew1058
7 жыл бұрын
Good job, nice demonstration. But I was hoping you would test for the strength of the glass you made also. Adding that would make for a more complete demo experiment.
@qOvob
7 жыл бұрын
Glen Bartholomew he did, watch again.
@orbmanelson
9 жыл бұрын
I would view this demonstration as pure Magic if it were not for Physics & Chemistry, still beyond all other considerations itz splendidly Magical! ;-)
@Pilot_engineer_19
4 жыл бұрын
Excellent job as usual!
@arcadeuk
10 жыл бұрын
Excellent explanation and demonstration as always!
@brandtAU
10 жыл бұрын
Once again a brillant video. keep up the great work. Its almost scary to think what you could get up to if you retired and did they stuff full time. LOL.
@Mrcometo
4 жыл бұрын
Great video but there is an error in 5:57 : precompressed members will be not in higher compression in the compressed fiber. The compresion stress will be be the same as precompressed till the external forces increases to a point in which it led the material to a higer compression stress, but till this moment, compression stress will be constant. It is the same for pre tensioned bolts in bolted flanges.
@DougsLab
10 жыл бұрын
Hi Ben, How are you sure it is not some sort of tempering/annealing process that strengthened the glass? You should buy some sodium nitrate and repeat the experiment, running a K and a Na bath simultaneously, with the Na as a control. I love the videos, by the way. Big fan.
@happycatginger
4 жыл бұрын
Interesting. I used to operate a glass tempering machine. The end result is very similar. The outside ends up under compression and the inside under tension. The machine I operated used heat instead of chemistry.
@DeliciousDeBlair
7 жыл бұрын
I need to try this with some old used fluorescent light tubes I have and see if they will become tough enough to use for solar collectors.
@jakenbaked87
6 жыл бұрын
This is very cool. The diffusion process seems to only be possible at high temperature though. Since Na ions are smaller than K ions, the glass would need to thermally expand if no pressure is used to cram in the new ions. My bet is that borosilicate glass wouldn't respond as well to this treatment because of its low expansion coefficient. Additionally, you should try this same process under pressure!
@extraSPARErib
4 жыл бұрын
All I can see to improve upon would be to somehow reduce the inherent defects of the glass surface, the cracks, somehow. Perhaps another chemical or other solution could be added to this process post potassium saturation to further smooth out or full in those microscopic defects. Not being of a chemistry background or such I don't have any idea there. It might not be possible or even necessary to do my suggestion. If chemically unfeasible then there might be some "mechanical" means to further reduce the small surface cracking via heating, polishing, etc. though the simplest idea I just had was some sort of lamination. A film or another glass layer or such ... but your explanations here and demonstrations too were very well presented, easy to follow, and got my mind thinking about solutions to a problem I haven't ever considered to be a problem to tackle in my lifetime. Thank you so much for the brain workout and your efforts to make an informative well presented video.
@donaldhobson8873
3 ай бұрын
Especially amenable to chemical strenghening. That's Got to be Lithium, Even smaller atoms. So even more compression when replaced by Potassium.
@rajeshprasad101
9 жыл бұрын
This is indeed very nice. I teach materials science to engineering students and this topic comes there. That's how I stumbled onto your channel. In our lab we do three point bend test on glass slides in a mechanical testing unit. We show that strength increases after etching in HF. After seeing your video I am interested to show this chemical strengthening experiment as this is more realistic than etching in HF. But we do not have the neat kiln you showed. Did you make it yourself? Will ordinary electric furnaces do? Is there any safety concern for furnace/people?
@ernestoterrazas3480
4 жыл бұрын
Very interesting your exposition thank you so much for shering that knowledge with us .
@klausbrinck2137
4 жыл бұрын
Great! Just noticed, that I like 2 more of his videos, and HAVE to watch them now...Despite of not having time at all anyway!!!
@rolandjollivet38
6 жыл бұрын
Hi Ben. A few questions; - does your process also increase the surface hardness? Have you done a Rockwell or Vickers test? - if you did this to an existing optical flat, do you think the stresses would make it go out of flat? - it sounds like you let the glass cool quite quickly. Did you not inadvertently temper it too?
@Qui-9
7 жыл бұрын
What was that word at the end? Amenable or something? Awesome video. To those asking him to test his glass, maybe watch the entire video instead of skipping over stuff. He did it near the beginning.
@benjaminhamilton2338
4 жыл бұрын
I think it was "amenable to this strengthening process".
@questorhh
8 жыл бұрын
Amazingly clear explanation. Thank you.
@rcbowstring123
10 жыл бұрын
I really appreciate all the pains you take to thoroughly explain the science behind all your projects, also, does this treatment protect against chips in the corner for example? i'm thinking of attempting this because it reminded me of the container of broken microscope slides i have sitting on my shelf :) thanks for the vid!
@honawikeepa5813
5 жыл бұрын
Wow man, awesome information. Cheers from New Zealand.
@kalikiter1
9 жыл бұрын
You are living the dream man... Taking physics and chemistry I always had ideas of how to apply the stuff I was learning but never had the chance. One day.. I wanna be just like you. Also, I just read a paper on piezoelectric nano technology that applies something similar here. They took a thin layer of Mos2 and bent it like you described to create a current at the nano level. Super cool stuff. Im starting to think I am an engineer rather than a biologist.
@troywhite6039
7 жыл бұрын
Bioengineering, the next big thing.
@metrologic5000
9 жыл бұрын
Great demonstration. That's fine for constant pressure loads, but what about sudden impact like a drop from height. Or something falling onto the glass. Most phones are broken by falls and the such. Just something for you to think about and experiment with.
@junak777
8 ай бұрын
Similar to Prince Rupert. I think of defects as holes. Or... Fixed projected dots, or nucleation as in hail clouds concentric circles, or tape that damp sound, or even spinors( that one is like hail Mary). Also granular surface "derivative" tension..not as same as Chladni. Or simply lightning or even silence in musical chairs, "Kerh's transparent stops" ( Ogdoad ).
@oestrek
10 жыл бұрын
What would have been nice would have been to test a piece of gorilla glass in your rig and seen the "difference in strength" with the proprietary method versus the public domain Potassium Nitrate method.
@bpark10001
5 жыл бұрын
Have you tried thermal tempering? You heat the glass in an oven to a higher temperature, then quench in an air blast. This is how many eyeglass lenses were tempered. After that, they are tested by dropping a 1" steel ball from 36".
@Bassillixx
5 жыл бұрын
Experiments on the microscope Cover slides would be my choice of substrate! As would be the use of weight instead of pressure to controllably measure the failure point. After potassium treatment, sputtering with an argon / methane mix would provide interesting results.
@craigsbully
10 жыл бұрын
What's with the huge bank of capacitors under the work bench? Is that in another video I didn't see? Cool stuff Ben, thanks for sharing.
@Chuckq1
4 жыл бұрын
It's cool to see you working with glass It would be interesting to see if you could figure out a diy coating system To help with flare and chromatic aberration on old camera lenses that didn't originally have coatings.
@250kent
8 жыл бұрын
This process reminds me of the relationship between concrete and high tension cable in (post tensioning).
@tntgdh
10 жыл бұрын
Great video and very well explained. Thanks a lot
@Flyingwigs
10 жыл бұрын
it would be very interesting to do this process to some prince rupert's drops and see if it would increase the internal stresses already present.
@metrologic5000
10 жыл бұрын
Great video. The process is so simple thanks for showing this. Question how much bigger could this be ramped up. And does the glass's shattering characteristics change.
@thenomadrhodes
10 жыл бұрын
Man who are you? your videos are freaking awesome. How did you learn to do all this stuff.
@jamesnurgle6368
2 ай бұрын
probably a bit difficult to do to my drinking glasses in the garage but its good to know.
@DnBastard
7 жыл бұрын
Hey, i was wondering about something and I figure you'd be the guy who'd know I've been thinking about cheaper ways of making solar panels, and watching this video gave me the idea that perhaps you could sputter a conductive baseplate with silicone to make the solar panels? if that was even possible could you then sputter silicone and phosphorous together somehow to make the N-type silicone necessary for a top layer? there's a lot of big companies looking at better ways to cut silicone wafers but it seems to me that cutting is an inefficient method altogether
@adrienperie6119
10 жыл бұрын
Interesting as always thank you, i wish you would have gotten more in detail about the nature of glass, what it is and why can't the defects be removed from the "structure", how glass is more or less by opposition to crystal and how glass is produced, not necessarily in detail but an overview on what glass is, what are the characteristics and how it is produced through applied science :)
@keeganmaloney3440
10 жыл бұрын
It seems like we would have a better way of solving this problem by now. I am curious about why it is so hard to remove or prevent imperfections in glass. Is it just impurities?
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