To explain more I took the topic of plant tissues. To understand a topic we must think about known related words like Cell and cell theory.
Plant tissues are of two types Meristematic and Permanent tissue. Meristematic tissue cells are small with prominent nucleus and without vacuoles. Meristematic cells have the capacity of Totipotency. These cells present in the tip of roots and stem are called Apical Meristematic tissue. Tissue in the stem and roots promote the later growth is called Lateral Meristematic tissue. Cells at internode help in elongation of internode and formation of new leaves are called Intercalary Meristems. These Meristematic cells differentiate into permanent tissue.
Permanent tissues are two types. Simple tissue and Complex tissue. Simple tissue is of three types. Parenchyma,Collenchyma,Sclerenchyma. Parenchyma are thin cell walls made up of Cellulose. Intercellular spaces present in this tissue. These are different types depending upon their functioning. Chlorenchyma,Storage tissue,Aerenchyma.
Collenchyma cells are living cells with thick cell walls made up of pectin. Cells are without intercellular spaces.
Sclerenchyma cells are dead cells with thick cell wall walls made up of lignin. These cells give mechanical support to the plants.
Complex tissues are two types. Xylem and Phloem. Xylem consists of Tracheids,vessels,parenchyma and fibers. This tissue transports water and minerals to each and every part of the plant. Flow of water is unidirectional, upwards from roots to leaves. Phloem consists of Sieve Cells, companion cells,parenchyma and fibers.
Where do all these cells present in the plant? These permanent cells form into different layers in plant parts. The upper layer covers all parts is called Epidermis. Epidermis protects the plants by covering inner parts of the plant. Some of the epidermal cells change into kidney or dumbbell shaped to form Stomata for gas exchanges. Root hairs help in absorbing water are the epidermal structures. Some plants have trichomes to protect against grazing animals.
Xylem and phloem cells are present inside the plant parts. In between them lateral meristem will be present. These tissues together form vascular bundles.
Parenchyma,Sclerenchyma and collenchyma connect epidermis and vascular bundles. So this tissue is called connective tissue.
I explained this by drawing a flow chart. In this way we can read animal tissue also. Lastly I gave grass leaf Epidermis, vascular bundle of Fern rhizome and aerenchyma of lotus stalk.These I gave them to evaluate understanding of the topic.
Негізгі бет How to understand plant tissue easily in Telugu for class 9
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