The whipple bumper, main structure, and impacter are all made of aluminium
The Al sphere is travelling at 10 km/s
To protect itself against debris, the ISS has utilize light weight yet effective armor. Due to the extremely high relative velocity of the possible threats, the ISS can make use of an effect that occurs upon impact at these high speeds. The standard whipple shield or whipple bumper, is the simplest application of this. The whipple bumper is a very thin plate of metal (like aluminium) that will serve the purpose of disintegrating the incoming projectile. Upon hitting the thin whipple bumper, the relatively small projectile will experience an immense strain, and the large amounts of energy being deposited in a very short amount of time leads to extremely high temperatures. This turns the projectile into a cone of high velocity particles originating from the projectile and whipple bumper. This effectively spreads the projectile energy over a larger area, minimizing the chance of a full penetration.
Watch the original video explaining this in detail:
• ISS debris impact | Hy...
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