Methotrexate is a medication used to treat a wide range of disease conditions.
It is an antimetabolite, immunosuppressants, and a disease modifying anti rheumatic drug.
Methotrexate exerts its effects primarily by inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is crucial for the conversion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate, a folic acid derivative that is necessary for the synthesis of nucleotides, the building blocks of DNA and RNA.
By inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase, methotrexate reduces the availability of tetrahydrofolate, leading to decreased synthesis of thymidylate and purine nucleotides, which are essential for DNA replication and cell division.
Because of this mechanism, methotrexate it is particularly effective against rapidly dividing cells, such as cancer cells, making it an effective drug for chemotherapy.
In autoimmune diseases, methotrexate's ability to inhibit cell division extends to immune cells, particularly T and B lymphocytes, which are responsible for the abnormal immune responses seen in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
By suppressing the proliferation of these immune cells, methotrexate reduces inflammation and the immune-mediated damage to tissues.
Methotrexate also increases the levels of adenosine, a molecule with anti-inflammatory properties. Adenosine acts on specific receptors to reduce the inflammatory response, contributing to methotrexate's effectiveness in treating autoimmune diseases.
Methotrexate is indicated for a variety of medical conditions, primarily due to its antimetabolic and immunosuppressive properties.
The main indications include the following.
In acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, as part of combination chemotherapy regimens.
High-grade non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
Breast Cancer, often as part of combination chemotherapy.
Head and Neck Cancers.
Lung Cancer, particularly small cell lung cancer.
As adjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma post-operatively.
Choriocarcinoma and Trophoblastic Neoplasms.
As a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug in rheumatoid arthritis.
For severe, disabling cases of psoriatic arthritis that are resistant to other treatments.
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
As an immunosuppressive agent in Crohn’s disease.
And to medically terminate the pregnancy and preserve the fallopian tube in ectopic pregnancy.
#methotrexate #medtoday #healtheducation #medicaleducation #medicalknowledge #pharmacology #medications
methotrexate uses,methotrexate side effects,methotrexate mechanism of action,Methotrexate dose,Methotrexate side effects,Methotrexate uses,Methotrexate mechanism of action,Methotrexate tablets,Methotrexate injection,Methotrexate in pregnancy,How bad is methotrexate for you,mtx,methotrexate pharmacology,rheumatoid arthritis,methotrexate adverse effects,methotrexate contraindications,methotrexate for cancer,leukemia,methotrexate tablets ip 2.5 mg tamil
Негізгі бет Methotrexate - Indications, Mechanism Of Action, Pharmacology, Adverse Effects, Contraindications
Пікірлер: 2