It’s a major road in the City of Westminster in the West End of London. Running from Tottenham Court Road to Marble Arch via Oxford Circus. It runs for approximately 1.2 miles (1.9 km). It is Europe's busiest shopping street, with around half a million daily visitors, and as of 2012 had approximately 300 shops.
Oxford Street has been ranked as the most important retail location in Britain and the busiest shopping street in Europe. It is also one of the most popular destinations in London for tourists, with an annual estimated turnover of over £1 billion.
It forms part of a shopping district in the West End of London, along with other streets including Covent Garden, Bond Street and Piccadilly.
The New West End Company, formerly the Oxford Street Association, oversees stores and trade along the street. Every Christmas, Oxford Street is decorated with festive lights. The tradition of Christmas lights began in 1959, five years after neighbouring Regent Street.
There were no light displays in 1976 or 1977 because of economic recession, but the lights returned in 1978 when Oxford Street organised a laser display and have continued every year since. The lights remain until 6 January (Twelfth Night).
The festivities were postponed in 1963 because of the assassination of John F. Kennedy and in 1989 to fit with Kylie Minogue's touring commitments. In 2020, the lights honoured volunteers who had helped London residents through the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Oxford Street is served by major bus routes and by four tube stations of the London Underground which they serve an average of 100 million passengers every year. Traffic is regularly restricted to buses and taxis
The pavements are congested because of shoppers and tourists, many of whom arrive at a tube station, and the roadway is regularly blocked by buses and there is heavy competition between foot and bus traffic on Oxford Street.
Around 175,000 people get on or off a bus on the street every day. Between 2009 and 2012, there were 71 accidents involving traffic and pedestrians
The area is popular with unregulated rickshaws, which are a major cause of congestion in the area. During 2011, there were 656 vehicle crimes, 915 robberies, 2,597 violent crimes and 5,039 reported instances of anti-social behaviour
The advent of closed-circuit television has reduced the area's attraction to scam artists and illegal street traders. The road was originally part of the Via Trinobantina, a Roman road between Essex and Hampshire via London
It was known as Tyburn Road through the Middle Ages when it was notorious for public hangings of prisoners at Tyburn Gallows. By 1678 it was known as the "King's Highway", and the "Road To Oxford" by 1682
It became known as Oxford Road and then Oxford Street in the 18th century, and began to change from residential to commercial and retail use by the late 19th century. Several British retail chains regard their Oxford Street branch as the flagship store
The first department stores in the UK opened in the second half of 19th and the early 20th century, including John Lewis & Partners (1864), Debenhams as Marshall & Snelgrove (1870), Selfridges (1909), and HMV (1921).
By the 1930s, the street was almost entirely retail, a position that remains today. However, unlike nearby streets such as Bond Street and Park Lane, there remained a seedy element including street traders and prostitutes.
The street suffered heavy bombing during World War II, and several longstanding stores including John Lewis & Partners were completely destroyed and rebuilt from scratch. Despite competition from other shopping centres such as Westfield Stratford City and the Brent Cross Shopping Centre, Oxford Street remains in high demand as a retail location, with several chains having their flagship stores on the street.
Various traffic management schemes have been implemented by Transport for London (TfL), including a ban on private vehicles during daytime hours on weekdays and Saturdays, and improved pedestrian crossings. There are relatively few pubs in Oxford Street, perhaps due to the high rental values.
In September 1973 a shopping-bag bomb was detonated by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) at the offices of the Prudential Assurance Company, injuring six people.
A second bomb was detonated by the IRA next to Selfridges in December 1974, injuring three people and causing £1.5 million worth of damage.
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Oxford Street in London
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