Power Steering Working | Types of Steering | Automobile Engineering | Automobile Parts | Basics
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Power steering is a system in vehicles that assists the driver in steering the vehicle by reducing the effort required to turn the steering wheel. It utilizes hydraulic or electric power to provide additional force, making it easier to maneuver the vehicle, especially at low speeds or when parking. Here's an overview of how power steering typically works:
Components:
Power steering pump: In hydraulic power steering systems, a power steering pump is driven by the engine's belt. It generates hydraulic pressure to assist in steering.
Steering gear: The steering gear, commonly known as a rack-and-pinion system, is connected to the steering wheel and helps convert the rotational motion of the steering wheel into lateral movement of the vehicle's wheels.
Hydraulic lines: Hydraulic power steering systems use fluid-filled lines to transmit hydraulic pressure between the power steering pump, steering gear, and power steering fluid reservoir.
Power steering fluid reservoir: This reservoir holds the power steering fluid, which is necessary for proper operation and lubrication of the power steering system.
Electric motor (in electric power steering): Electric power steering systems use an electric motor, sensors, and control unit to provide steering assistance without hydraulic fluid.
Hydraulic Power Steering:
When the driver turns the steering wheel, a signal is transmitted to the power steering pump.
The power steering pump pressurizes the power steering fluid and sends it through the hydraulic lines to the steering gear.
The pressurized fluid acts on a piston within the steering gear, assisting in the movement of the steering rack.
As the driver turns the steering wheel, the power steering system applies force to the steering rack, making it easier to steer the wheels in the desired direction.
Electric Power Steering:
In electric power steering systems, an electric motor is used to provide steering assistance.
When the driver turns the steering wheel, sensors detect the force and direction of the steering input.
The control unit receives this information and activates the electric motor to provide the appropriate level of steering assistance.
The electric motor applies torque to the steering gear or directly to the steering column, assisting the driver in steering the vehicle.
Variable Assist:
Many power steering systems incorporate variable assist, which adjusts the level of steering assistance based on various factors such as vehicle speed and driver input.
At higher speeds, the power assistance may be reduced to provide better road feel and stability.
At lower speeds or during parking maneuvers, the power assistance may be increased to make steering easier.
Safety and Redundancy:
Power steering systems often include safety features and redundancy measures to ensure continued steering control in case of a power steering system failure.
In hydraulic power steering systems, manual steering is still possible, albeit with increased effort, if the power steering system malfunctions or loses hydraulic pressure.
Electric power steering systems usually have built-in fail-safe modes that allow manual steering even when the power assistance is lost.
Power steering systems have greatly improved vehicle handling and driver comfort, particularly in heavier vehicles or when maneuvering at low speeds. Whether hydraulic or electric, power steering assists drivers by reducing the physical effort required to steer, contributing to safer and more enjoyable driving experiences.
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