If we design 300 watt solar power back up system for our home, the appliances can run on 300 Watt system will be as follows;
2 Fans = 2×80 Watt each = 160 Watt
4 LED Bulbs= 4×12= 48 Watt
1 Tube light = 40 Watt
1 LED TV= 50 Watt
Total load =298 Watt
Say it is 300W
In order to design this system we require:
UPS/Invertor
Battery(AH)
Solar panels
Following steps are involved for capacity design
:
(1.) Selection of UPS or Hybrid Inverter backup system
For this system, we will require about 500watt UPS but for better results, select 800 or 1000 watt UPS/inverter back up system
.
(2) Selection of Battery (AH):
In order to know battery rating, we will do the following calculations:
Power=voltage×current
so 300 = 12 × I
We will require 12V battery which will drive 300W load.
so I=300/12
hence I =25 Ampere
Battery will require 25A current. Now to calculate Battery size we will use the following formula
Battery size in AH =(Total load ×back up time)/(battery voltage)
Back up time means that for how much time we will drive this load for example we drive this load for 8 hours.
Battery size in AH = (w ×h)/v
Battery size in AH = (300 ×8)/12
Battery size in AH = 200 AH
Battery size will be increased or decreased depending upon the back-up time if we decrease the backup time the battery size will be decreased.
(3) Calculation for Battery charging current:
Now we will calculate how much current will be required to charge battery we will use the formula:
battery charging current= 1/10×battery rating
Now in this case our battery rating is 200AH
battery charging current= 1/10×200
battery charging current= 20A
So 20A current will be required to charge the battery. Want to know more about the solar battery charger and its connections?
If you want to study more about Solar charge controllers and Batteries
(4) Calculation for quality of solar panels:
Now we will discuss how many solar plates will be requiring for this system. We will require such solar plates that will provide 20A current for charging battery and 25A current to drive the load.
Total current= 20+25= 45A
Solar plates Power = V× I
150W solar plate is use for 12V battery while 250W and 325W solar plates are used for 24V battery. The open voltage of 150W solar plate is 18 to 20 V. But when it is connected in circuit its voltage is about 14 to 16V.
Solar plates Power = 14× 45
Solar plates Power = 630W
To Calculate Number of solar plates we will use formula
Number of solar plates=(Total Power)/(solar plate power)
Number of solar plates=630/150
Number of solar plates=4.2
So we will require 4 plates to drive this system.
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