UPDATED: Cuts replaced with freeze-frames.
The five main family lines of Taijiquan are the Chen 陈, Yang 杨, Wu 吴, Wu/Hao 武/郝, and Sun 孫 family lines. They can all be historically traced to Chen, though the Wu, Hao, and Sun families have stronger connections to the Yang Family than they do to the Chens.
Yang Luchan 杨露禅 learned from the Chen family and the art he developed is what would first be called Taijiquan in Beijing. Fu Zhongwen 傅鈡文, represents his line by being a top disciple of Luchan’s grandson Chengfu 杨澄甫. Here in the top left corner, he practices the long form taught by Chengfu.
Early on, Wu Yuxiang 武禹襄 learned from Yang Luchan. He would then teach Li Yiyu 李亦畬, who would teach Hao Weizhen 郝為真, who would then teach Li Baoyu 李寶玉 AKA Li Xiangyuan (who is said to have also learned from the Yang Family). Li Baoyou would finally teach Ouyang Fang 歐陽方 pictured here in the top right corner. The form practiced here may be what is referred to as the “Kai He” form, created by Hao Weizhen. Hao Weizhen is said to have begun teaching in Beijing in 1914.
Later on, Sun Lu Tang 孫祿堂 learned 武 style from Hao Weizhen. Being skilled in other arts such as Baguazhang and Xingyiquan, he created the Sun style of Taijiquan. here his line is represented by his daughter Sun Jianyun 孫劍雲 in the lower right (correction: Grandaughter Sun Shurong 孙叔容)
After the Yang family moved to Beijing, Yang Luchan’s son Banhou 杨班侯 taught Wu Quanyou 吴全佑, who would teach the Wu style of Taijiquan to Wang Maozhai 王茂齋, who would then finally teach Li Bingci 李秉慈, pictured in the lower left corner. Wu Quanyou's son, Wu Jianquan would become a teacher at Beijing Physical Culture Research Institute in 1914, but in 1928 moved to Shanghai, while Wang Maozhai stayed in Beijing.
These disciples exemplify some of the variations in the Tai Chi community. Note that for Yang and Wu 吴 styles, the examples here are already somewhat divergent from their roots. Yang Chengfu (Fu's teacher) is said to have taught quite differently than his fathers and brothers; he simplified his form considerably as Taijiquan grew in popularity, and it is this form of Yang Style which became famous worldwide; old Yang style as taught in by Banhou or Shaohou is harder to find. In the 吴 line, Wu Quanyou's son Jianquan moved to Shanghai where his own branch took root, while Quanyou's disciple Wang Maozhai stayed in Beijing, laying the foundation for "Northern Wu Style" Taiji we see here w/ Li. For an example of Jianquan's southern line of Taiji, one can look to Ma Yueliang 马岳梁.
This video was made by syncing up the forms by a mixture of end position and stepping. Fu Zhongwen 's footage is mostly unedited, while the others are edited to varying degrees (you may notice Sun Jianyun slows down quite a bit at different points in the video). I think this way it is much easier than trying to view separate videos side by side... no two practitioners have the same rhythm, and so here we can see where things line up, and the different nuances each line puts into their different movements. For example, the different ways each line executes Dan Bian, besides the additions and subtractions from the choreography. Of course, even this won't necessarily be able to tell us what truly makes each style unique, however it can hopefully serve to highlight the most obvious distinctions between these styles.
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