What are the Seven Deadly Sins and what do they mean?
First, it is important to remember that the Seven Deadly Sins are better described as “vices” in opposition to the seven Catholic “virtues.”
The formula of “seven” can be traced back to 590 when Pope Saint Gregory the Great adapted earlier lists of vices by Evagrius Ponticus and John Cassian. St. Thomas Aquinas later included Gregory’s list of seven “capital sins” in his Summa Theologiae. These sins are “capital” because all other sins can be classified under them. The list of seven traditional sins also play a big part in the narrative in Dante’s Divine Comedy.
The Seven Deadly Sins Explained
Here is a brief description of the Seven Deadly Sins (vices):
Pride (Hubris) = selfishness and a sense of superiority that leads to destruction
Greed (Avarice) = excessive desire for money and material possessions
Envy = desire for what others have, which is called “covet” in the Ten Commandments
Anger (Wrath) = unwarranted or long-lasting desire to hurt or punish someone
Lust = intense physical desire for another person
Gluttony = overindulgences or overconsumption, especially of food
Sloth (Acedia) = inaction based on lack of interest or care
Practicing a virtue is practicing a balance between too much and not enough of some quality. A vice, therefore, is excessiveness. Pride, greed, envy, anger, lust, and gluttony all express the desire for too much of a good thing. Sloth is lacking the desire. We then commit sins because of these vices.
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