This video explores theories of signs from Heidegger's existentialist concept of "projection," starting from Ernst Cassirer's Neo-Kantian concept of "symbolic animal," to Hans-Georg Gadamer's Heideggerian application to hermeneutics with his concept of the "fusion of horizons," to Ferdinand de Saussure's structuralist analysis of "langue" and "parole" in a system of signs, to Jacques Lacan's application of structuralism to Freudian psychoanalysis in his "mirror-stage," to Louis Althusser's application of structuralism to Marxism in his "Ideological State Apparatuses," to Claude Lévi-Strauss' application of structuralism to anthropology in his analysis of the Caduveo Tribe, to the structuralist criticism of structuralism using structuralism of the Post-Structuralist tradition introduced by Jacques Derrida in his semiotic analysis with concepts of polysemy/polysemic, phonocentrism, logocentrism, "the Death of the Author," and deconstructionism as a method of analysis to reveal the interplay of binary oppositions in logocentric texts, unveiling their collapse of meaning without the said opposition. These thinkers reveal that signs shape who we are, and it is inescapable to do so, as the concept of the authentic self is a big romantic idea.
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