⬇️⬇️ (English translation below the Italian text) ⬇️⬇️
00:13 - Allineamento piroli
03:08 - Controllo del raggio sopra alle corde, dell'altezza delle corde e della la spaziatura tra le corde
04:12 - Angolo delle corde
04:39 - Misurazione angolo delle corde - sistema semplice
05:36 - Misurazione angolo delle corde - goniometro digitale
06:12 - Corda vibrante
English translation
00:06 - Alignment of the pegs, string angle and vibrating string
00:46 - Alignement of the pegs - After setting-up the strings and letting them settle for a couple of days, it is advisable to correctly orient the heads of the pegs to allow for easy tuning. Their ideal position is roughly perpendicular to the fingerboard plane, so that the thumb and index finger of the left hand can turn them comfortably without assuming unnatural positions. Furthermore, the E and G pegs if not correctly oriented could limit the space of action of the left hand in the first position, especially on the first semitone. Rotate them to the correct position trying to understand how much it is necessary to shorten or lengthen the length of the string on the winding, then modifying the protrusion of the end of the string from the hole of the peg to the same extent.
03:38 - Check the radius above the strings and make small corrections if necessary. These would be necessary in the case of using strings of different diameters, or to adapt it to the needs of the player. If so, make sure that the consequent variation in the height of the strings on the fingerboard remains within acceptable limits. Personally I consider 42mm as a maximum radius (flat) and as a minimum 40mm (curved). Also make sure that the spacing between the strings remains the same (equidistant)
04:20 - String angle - The angle of the strings affects the pressure of the bridge on the plate, the sharper it is and the greater the pressure exerted. It is determined by the height of the bridge, the arching, the angle of the neck (fingerboard projection), its height above the plate, and the height of the saddle. The only parameters that can be modified when the violin is finished are the height of the bridge and the saddle, even if the variations allowed are minimal. In the case of the E string, it can also be modified by changing the type of fine tuner used. It is therefore very important that all the other structural parameters are well designed to contain it within optimal values, which I consider between 158° and 156°
05:06 - To measure it I use a special "tool" made of stiff cardboard with angles from 150° to 160° drawn, which will be placed on the saddle of the tailpiece and on the bridge against with the string to be measured. Despite its simplicity, if well done it is very accurate and extremely easy and immediate to use. Normally the "standard" angle measurement refers to the D string (which is the one with the sharpest angle), I prefer instead to measure the angles of each string.
06:02 - Alternatively you can use a digital protractor, which will provide very accurate measurements only if used properly as it is extremely sensitive, and it will be necessary to pay close attention to the flexibility of the strings. It is also of less immediate use as it will be necessary to calculate the difference in angle between one plane and the another, then subtracting the angle indicated on the display from 180° to obtain the actual angle of the string.
06:20 - Vibrating string - I consider a vibrating string length between 328mm and 330mm as optimal. In particular cases (players with very small hands) it is possible to shorten it up to 325 mm, but it would be better to adopt also models of the soundbox, neck length and F-holes placement with appropriate proportions. For example, some Guarneri del Gesù violins reach vibrating strings around 325 mm, while in the Stradivari violins longer measures are more frequently found, up to 330 mm.
06:57 - The measure of the vibrating string must always refer to the actual length measured on the A string, and not to the sum of the length of the neck and the stop length of the body as many still do. If necessary, starting from these two measurements and knowing the height of the arching and of the bridge, it is possible to obtain an approximate length of the vibrating string using the Pythagorean Theorem.
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